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patient. A person under a doctor's care for an illness or injury. Example: 「入院患者」 (a hospitalized patient), 「患者を診る」 (to examine a patient).
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N3勘定かんじょう
To count money. Payment at a restaurant or similar establishment. Example: 「お勘定をお願いします」 (Check, please). There is also the expression 「勘定に入れる」 (to take into account).
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N3感情かんじょう
emotion. The workings of the heart such as joy, sadness, and anger. Example: 「感情を表に出す」 (to show one's emotions), 「感情的になる」 (to become emotional). The antonym is 「理性」 (reason).
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N3感じるかんじる
feel. To perceive something with the body or mind. Example: 「寒さを感じる」 (to feel cold), 「責任を感じる」 (to feel a sense of responsibility), 「不安を感じる」 (to feel anxious).
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N3関心かんしん
interest. The mind turning toward wanting to know more. Example: 「政治に関心がある」 (to be interested in politics), 「関心が高まる」 (interest grows). The homophone 「感心」 means being moved by admiration for something admirable, and is written differently.
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N3関するかんする
Regarding, about. Example: 「教育に関する本」 (a book about education), 「事件に関する情報」 (information relating to an incident). Also used in the form 「〜に関して」, a formal, written expression.
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N3完成かんせい
completion. To become fully complete. Example: 「ビルが完成する」 (a building is completed), 「作品を完成させる」 (to complete a work).
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N3完全かんぜん
complete. Having nothing missing. Example: 「完全な形で残る」 (to remain in complete/intact form), 「完全に忘れていた」 (had completely forgotten). The antonym is 「不完全」 (incomplete).
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N3感動かんどう
To be deeply moved after encountering something wonderful. Example: 「映画に感動する」 (to be moved by a movie), 「感動的な場面」 (a moving scene).
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N3監督かんとく
To direct and oversee work or a task. The person who does so. Also refers to the person responsible for making a film, or a coach who leads a sports team. Example: 「映画監督」 (film director), 「野球の監督」 (baseball manager/coach).
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N3看病かんびょう
To stay beside a sick person and take care of them.
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N3管理かんり
management. To take responsible care of something so that a good state is maintained. Example: 「ビルを管理する」 (to manage a building), 「健康管理」 (health management), 「管理人」 (a caretaker/manager).
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N3完了かんりょう
For something to be completely finished. Example: 「準備が完了する」 (preparations are complete), 「手続き完了」 (procedure complete). Carries a stronger sense than 「終了」 of having finished what needed to be done.
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N3関連かんれん
For there to be a connection between things. Example: 「事件に関連する情報」 (information related to an incident), 「関連会社」 (a related/affiliated company). A more formal, written word than 「関係」.
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N4, N5木き
tree. A large plant that grows from the ground, with branches and leaves.
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N5黄色きいろ
yellow. A color like that of a banana or lemon.
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N5黄色いきいろい
yellow. Being the color yellow, like a banana or lemon. Example: 「黄色いふく」 (yellow clothes).
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N3議員ぎいん
A person who is elected and takes part in discussions in a national or local assembly. Example: 「国会議員」 (member of parliament), 「市議会議員」 (city council member).
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N3, N5消えるきえる
For something visible, or a fire or light that was on, to disappear. Example: 「電気が消える」 (the light goes off). When turning it off oneself, 「消す」 is used.
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N3記憶きおく
memory. Remembering something. The content of what one remembers. Example: 「記憶に残る」 (to stick in one's memory), 「記憶をなくす」 (to lose one's memory). 「記憶力」 (memory ability) is also commonly used.
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N3気温きおん
air temperature. The degree of warmth or coldness of the air. Example: 「気温が上がる」 (the temperature rises), 「最高気温」 (the highest temperature).
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N3議会ぎかい
The place where elected members gather to decide important matters. Example: 「市議会」 (city assembly), 「議会で話し合う」 (to discuss in the assembly).
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N3企画きかく
To think up and create a plan in order to do something. That plan.
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N3期間きかん
period. A span of time fixed as from when to when. Example: 「試験期間」 (exam period), 「期間限定」 (limited-time only). The homophone 「機関」 refers to an organization or system, and is written differently.
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N3企業きぎょう
enterprise. An organization that carries out business for profit. Example: 「大企業」 (a large company), 「企業に勤める」 (to work at a company). More formal than 「会社」, used in news and documents.
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N3効くきく
For the effect of a medicine or method, etc., to clearly appear. Example: 「薬が効く」 (medicine works), 「宣伝が効く」 (advertising is effective). The homophone 「利く」 means that a certain function is possible, as in 「気が利く」 (to be considerate/perceptive), 「無理が利く」 (to be able to push oneself), and is written differently.
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N3, N5聞くきく
To take in a sound or voice with one's ears. Example: 「音楽を聞く」 (to listen to music). Also used to mean asking, as in 「先生に聞く」 (to ask the teacher).
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N3気候きこう
climate. The tendency of the weather in a certain place, seen over a long period. Example: 「温暖な気候」 (a warm climate), 「気候の変化」 (climate change). For the state of the sky over a short period, 「天気」 or 「天候」 is used instead.
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N3〜N5聞こえるきこえる
For sound or a voice to reach one's ears. Example: 「うたが聞こえる」 (a song can be heard).
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N3記事きじ
article. Writing published in a newspaper, magazine, etc. Example: 「新聞記事」 (a newspaper article), 「記事を読む」 (to read an article).
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N3記者きしゃ
reporter. A person who gathers information and writes articles for a newspaper, TV, etc. Example: 「新聞記者」 (a newspaper reporter), 「記者会見」 (a press conference).
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N3傷きず
A part of the skin or an object's surface that has been damaged by cutting or bumping into something. Example: 「傷が治る」 (a wound heals), 「机に傷がつく」 (a desk gets scratched). Also used to mean emotional hurt, as in 「心の傷」 (an emotional wound).
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N5北きた
north. One of the directions. The antonym is 「南」 (south).
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N3期待きたい
expectation. To wait, counting on things turning out well. Example: 「活躍を期待する」 (to have high expectations for someone's performance), 「期待にこたえる」 (to live up to expectations).
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N3鍛えるきたえる
Originally a word meaning to make metal stronger by striking it. From this, it came to be used metaphorically for strengthening body and mind through training and practice. Used in expressions like 「体を鍛える」 or 「精神を鍛える」, it is a verb frequently appearing in martial arts, sports, and education in the sense of enhancing physical and mental abilities.
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N3帰宅きたく
To return to one's own home. Example: 「帰宅時間」 (the time one gets home), 「まっすぐ帰宅する」 (to go straight home). More formal than 「帰る」.
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N2, N5汚いきたない
dirty. Being dirty. Example: 「汚い手」 (dirty hands). Also used when a room is not tidy. The antonym is 「きれい」 (clean).
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N3貴重きちょう
precious. Being extremely important and valuable. Example: 「貴重な経験」 (a valuable experience), 「貴重品」 (valuables).
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N3議長ぎちょう
chairperson. The person whose role is to run a meeting. Example: 「議長を務める」 (to serve as chairperson).
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N5喫茶店きっさてん
A shop for drinking coffee or tea. The word 「カフェ」 (cafe) is also commonly used.
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N5切手きって
stamp. Something stuck on an envelope when sending a letter. Bought at a post office, etc.
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N5切符きっぷ
ticket. A small paper bought when getting on a train or bus.
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N2, N5昨日きのう
yesterday. The day before today. Also read 「さくじつ」, used in formal situations.
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N3希望きぼう
hope. To wish for things to turn out a certain way. That wish. Example: 「希望を持つ」 (to have hope), 「希望の大学」 (a desired university). The antonym is 「絶望」 (despair).
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N3基本きほん
basics. The most fundamental, important part of something. Example: 「基本を身につける」 (to master the basics), 「基本的な考え方」 (a basic way of thinking).
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N3決まりきまり
A rule that one is supposed to follow. Example: 「決まりを守る」 (to follow the rules). There is also 「決まり文句」 (a stock phrase always used the same way) and 「決まりが悪い」 (to feel embarrassed).
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N3奇妙きみょう
strange. A puzzling state that would not normally be expected. Example: 「奇妙な音」 (a strange sound), 「奇妙な話」 (a strange story).
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N3義務ぎむ
obligation. Something that has been decided must be done. Example: 「義務を果たす」 (to fulfill an obligation), 「義務教育」 (compulsory education). The antonym is 「権利」 (right).
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N3, N4気持ちきもち
The happy, sad, etc., state one feels in one's heart. Also used to mean physical sensation, as in 「気持ちがわるい」 (feeling sick/unwell).
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N3疑問ぎもん
To wonder whether something is really true, or why it is so. Example: 「疑問を持つ」 (to have a question/doubt), 「疑問に思う」 (to wonder), 「疑問点」 (a point of doubt).