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Meaning "nothing surpasses it" or "supreme." Used in forms like 「至上の喜び」「〜至上主義」, expressing what is held to be of the highest value.
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N2私情しじょう
Personal feelings separated from one's official position. Used in forms like 「私情をはさむ」「私情を交える」, typically in contexts where they undermine fairness.
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N4地震じしん
earthquake. The shaking of the ground.
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N2, N3沈むしずむ
sink. To go down into water or to a lower place. Example: 「船が沈む」 (a ship sinks), 「日が沈む」 (the sun sets). Also used to mean feeling down/depressed, as in 「気分が沈む」 (to feel down). The antonyms are 「浮かぶ」 (to float) and 「昇る」 (to rise).
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N1, N2沈めるしずめる
To make something sink to a lower place, such as under water. 「沈める」 is used when a person or a force pushes something down, and 「沈む」 when something goes down of its own accord: 「船を沈める」 versus 「船が沈む」.
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N2思想しそう
An organized body of ideas about society or life; thought, ideology. Used as in 政治思想 (political thought), 思想の自由 (freedom of thought).
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N4舌した
tongue. The part inside the mouth that senses taste and moves when speaking. It is used as in 「舌をやけどする」.
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N4, N5下した
A state of being in a lower place. Example: 「テーブルの下」 (under the table). The antonym is 「上」 (above).
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N2, N4時代じだい
era. A period within history. Example: 「江戸時代」 (the Edo period). Also used to mean the present time, as in 「今の時代」 (the present day).
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N2下請けしたうけ
For part of the work one company has taken on to be further taken on by another company; also, that company itself.
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N2, N3従うしたがう
obey. To act according to what someone says or a rule. Example: 「指示に従う」 (to follow instructions), 「規則に従う」 (to obey the rules). Also used to mean going along something, as in 「川に従って歩く」 (to walk along a river).
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N4下着したぎ
underwear. Clothing worn close to the skin, under one's outer clothes.
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N2下心したごころ
An unfavorable thought or motive that one secretly holds without showing it.
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N2親しむしたしむ
(1) To feel close to someone and get along well with them. 「友と親しむ」. (2) To have frequent contact with something and become familiar with it. 「自然に親しむ」.
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N2仕立てるしたてる
The act of making clothing from fabric. It also means to prepare or shape a person or object into a particular role or state. Used in forms like 「スーツを仕立てる」「一人前に仕立てる」.
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N2下取りしたどり
When selling a new item, taking the customer's old item in exchange and giving a discount for it.
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N2下火したび
Momentum passing its peak and beginning to decline. 「ブームが下火になる」.
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N2自治じち
To decide and manage one's own affairs by oneself. 「地方自治」.
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N2失格しっかく
To fail to meet a necessary qualification or condition and thereby lose that status.
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N4しっかりしっかり
A strong, reliable manner. Example: 「しっかりつかまる」 (to hold on tight). Also used to mean being serious and proper.
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N2質素しっそ
A plain, modest appearance without decoration. The paired opposite word is 「ぜいたく」.
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N2実態じったい
The true, unembellished condition of something as it actually is. 「実態に合わない」.
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N4失敗しっぱい
failure. For something one tried to do to not go well.
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N2実費じっぴ
The actual cost incurred; the amount that covers only what was spent, without including any profit.
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N2執筆しっぴつ
The act of writing texts or works. Particularly used for writing texts of substantial length and coherence, such as books, theses, or articles. Used in forms like 「小説を執筆する」「執筆活動」.
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N4辞典じてん
dictionary. A book explaining the meanings of words.
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N4品物しなもの
Something that is sold or bought. Merchandise.
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N4しばらくしばらく
A short while. Example: 「しばらくお待ちください」 (please wait a moment). Also used to mean a long time, as in 「しばらく会っていない」 (haven't met in a while).
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N2渋いしぶい
An astringent taste, like that of unripe fruit, that puckers the tongue. Also, having an understated, subdued charm with refined depth rather than flashiness. Furthermore, it can describe a sour, displeased facial expression or a stingy attitude toward money. Used as in 「渋いお茶」「渋い色」「渋い俳優」「渋い顔をする」.
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N2至福しふく
The highest possible sense of happiness; supreme bliss. Used in forms like 「至福のひととき」「至福の時」.
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N2絞るしぼる
The act of applying force to press out liquid or contents. It also means to narrow down a target, scope, or output. Used in forms like 「タオルを絞る」「議題を絞る」「声を絞る」.
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N2資本しほん
The funds needed as the source for conducting business or production activities. Used in forms like 「資本を投じる」「資本金」.
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N4島しま
island. Land surrounded by sea.
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N2始末しまつ
(1) The cleanup or handling of a matter afterward. 「後始末」. (2) An unfavorable outcome or result. 「泣き出す始末だ」.
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N4市民しみん
A person who lives in that city.
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N4事務所じむしょ
A building or room where office work is done.
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N2使命しめい
An important duty that one is expected to fulfill. 「使命感」.
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N3, N4社会しゃかい
society. The world in which people gather and live together.
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N2社交しゃこう
The act of people gathering and interacting with one another. It also refers to the etiquette and skills needed for it. Used in forms like 「社交の場」「社交的な性格」.
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N4社長しゃちょう
The highest-ranking person at a company.
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N2州しゅう
A large division of a country, as in the United States or Australia; a state. カリフォルニア州 (the state of California). Also used for continents, as in 欧州 (Europe) and アジア州 (Asia).
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N4自由じゆう
freedom. Being able to do as one thinks. Not being stopped by anyone.
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N2, N3収穫しゅうかく
harvest. To gather in crops that have been grown. Example: 「米の収穫」 (a rice harvest). Also used to mean a good result gained from an activity, as in 「今日の会議は収穫が多かった」 (today's meeting was very productive).
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N4習慣しゅうかん
habit. Something one has continued doing for a long time, which has become routine. Example: 「早くねる習慣がある」 (to have the habit of going to bed early). It also refers to a way of doing things that has continued since long ago among the people of a country or a region. Example: 「日本の習慣」 (Japanese customs).
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N4住所じゅうしょ
address. The place where one lives.
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N2従属じゅうぞく
To follow a more powerful party and come under its control. The paired opposite word is 「独立」.
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N2執着しゅうちゃく
The state of being strongly fixated on one thing in the mind and unable to let go. Used in forms like 「地位に執着する」「過去への執着」. While 「執」 in 「執行」 is read 「しっ」, here it is read 「しゅう」.
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N4柔道じゅうどう
judo. A Japanese martial art in which one throws or pins an opponent.
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N2終盤しゅうばん
The stage at which something is approaching its end. Used for things with a progression such as matches, plays, or election campaigns. Used in forms like 「終盤戦」「終盤を迎える」.
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N4十分じゅうぶん
enough. A state of having as much as one wants, with nothing lacking. Example:「時間は十分ある」(there is plenty of time). The homophone「充分（じゅうぶん）」is used with the same meaning.