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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,256words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
大らか
おおらか
A state of not being preoccupied with minor matters, having a generous and relaxed heart. Used as in 「大らかな人柄」 or 「大らかな雰囲気」, positively expressing a person's character or the atmosphere of a place.
AI-generated translation
N2, N4
おかしい
おかしい
A state that makes one want to laugh. Also used to mean something unusual and strange. Example: 「あじがおかしい」 (the taste is off).
AI-generated translation
N2
侵す
おかす
To wrongfully intrude on another person's territory or rights and cause harm. Although read the same way, 「冒す」 is used for facing danger and 「犯す」 for committing a crime. Note that the kanji changes depending on the meaning.
AI-generated translation
N1
お構いなし
おかまいなし
A state of not caring about surrounding matters or others' feelings and acting as one pleases. Used as in 「人の迷惑もお構いなし」. In most cases accompanied by a negative evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N1
悪寒
おかん
The shivering chill felt when one has a fever, etc. Used in medical contexts expressing the trembling that accompanies fever, as in「悪寒がする」「悪寒を覚える」.
AI-generated translation
N2
置き去り
おきざり
To leave a person or thing behind at a place and go away. Used in expressions like 「置き去りにされる」 and 「問題を置き去りにする」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
置く
おく
put. To place something somewhere, or leave it as is. Example: 「つくえの上に本を置く」 (to put a book on a desk).
AI-generated translation
N1
臆測
おくそく
Imagining and reasoning on one's own without a solid basis. Used as in 「臆測で物を言う」 or 「臆測が飛び交う」. Similar to 「推測」, but 「臆測」 carries the negative implication that the basis is weak.
AI-generated translation
N2
臆病
おくびょう
The nature or state of being easily frightened even by trivial matters. Used as in 「臆病な性格」 or 「臆病風に吹かれる」. A na-adjective, used in the forms 「臆病だ」 or 「臆病な」. The antonym of 「大胆」.
AI-generated translation
N1
奥深い
おくふかい
A state in which the content is so rich that it cannot be understood completely in a simple way. Used as in 「奥深い味わい」 or 「奥深い教え」, expressing that beyond the surface there is something deeper inside. Also used in the physical sense of 「奥が深い」.
AI-generated translation
N2
お蔵入り
おくらいり
For a plan or work to be shelved without being realized or released. Used in expressions like 「企画がお蔵入りになる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
怠る
おこたる
A verb meaning to lazily fail to do what one ought to do. Used in situations of not fulfilling duties one is supposed to carry out, as in「注意を怠る」「義務を怠る」. While「怠ける」(using the same kanji) carries the general meaning of "being lazy to take it easy,"「怠る」is used with the nuance of failing to fulfill an obligation.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
幼い
おさない
Being young in age. Example: 「幼い子ども」 (a young child). Also used to mean being childish for one's age, as in 「考えが幼い」 (a childish way of thinking).
AI-generated translation
N2
おざなり
おざなり
To deal with something carelessly, just to get by for the moment. Used in expressions like 「おざなりな対応」 and 「おざなりに済ませる」. It is easily confused with 「なおざり」, but the difference is that おざなり means "doing something, but carelessly," while なおざり means "neglecting it entirely."
AI-generated translation
N2
治まる
おさまる
(1) For a country or society to become stable and for order to be maintained. 「世が治まる」. (2) For disorder or agitation to subside. 「怒りが治まる」. 「治める」 is used for the person who acts to calm something, and 「治まる」 for what calms down of its own accord: 「争いを治める」 versus 「争いが治まる」. In the meaning of pain subsiding, it is often written in hiragana as 「おさまる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
治める
おさめる
(1) To manage a country or society well and maintain order. 「国を治める」. (2) To calm disorder or conflict. 「争いを治める」. 「治める」 is used for the person who acts to calm something, and 「治まる」 for what calms down of its own accord: 「争いを治める」 versus 「争いが治まる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
収める
おさめる
To put something neatly where it belongs (棚に収める "put away on a shelf"). From this, also to obtain a good result (成功を収める "achieve success", 利益を収める "make a profit"). Distinguished in writing from the homophones 納める (to pay or deliver money or goods), 治める (to govern, to settle a conflict), and 修める (to master learning or a skill). 「収める」 is used when someone puts something in place, and 「収まる」 when it settles into place by itself: 「棚に収める」 versus 「棚に収まる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
惜しむ
おしむ
To feel regret about losing or giving something up, and to treasure it. Used as in 「別れを惜しむ」. Also used to mean being reluctant to spend or give something, as in 「骨身を惜しまず」.
AI-generated translation
N1
汚辱
おじょく
Having one's honor injured and suffering disgrace. Used as in 「汚辱にまみれる」 or 「汚辱を受ける」. A formal written word expressing strong disgrace, rarely appearing in everyday conversation.
AI-generated translation
N1
汚職
おしょく
When a public official or person in a position of authority abuses their professional standing to obtain illicit gains. Used as in 「汚職事件」 or 「汚職に手を染める」. A formal word frequently appearing in news reporting and political contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
お墨付き
おすみつき
An official guarantee or endorsement from an authoritative person or institution. An idiomatic expression used in forms like 「お墨付きを得る」 or 「専門家のお墨付き」. It originally derives from the fact that documents issued by shoguns or daimyo bore signatures in ink, conveying the meaning of a trustworthy guarantee.
AI-generated translation
N1
お節介
おせっかい
Interfering and meddling in other people's matters without being asked. Used as in 「お節介を焼く」 or 「お節介な人」. Even when it comes from goodwill, it is mostly felt as a nuisance.
AI-generated translation
N2
汚染
おせん
The mixing of harmful substances into air, water, or soil so that they are no longer clean. A formal word mainly dealing with environmental issues, used as in 「大気汚染」 or 「放射能汚染」. Can also be used metaphorically for the human heart and society.
AI-generated translation
N1
お膳立て
おぜんだて
Making preparations in advance so that things proceed smoothly. Used as in 「お膳立てをする」 or 「お膳立てが整う」. Originally referring to preparing a meal, it has expanded to mean arrangements and preparation in general.
AI-generated translation
N1
襲いかかる
おそいかかる
To approach with the intention of attacking fiercely. Used in expressions like 「猛獣が襲いかかる」 or 「不幸が襲いかかる」. Besides direct attacks by people or animals, it is also used metaphorically for sudden disasters or anxieties striking someone.
AI-generated translation
N2
襲う
おそう
(1) To attack suddenly. 「敵が襲う」. (2) A disaster or emotion striking suddenly. 「台風が町を襲う」「不安が襲う」.
AI-generated translation
N2
お粗末
おそまつ
A state in which the quality or content of something is poor and embarrassing. Used in expressions like 「お粗末な結果」 and 「お粗末な計画」. It is also used by the person who served a meal, as in the humble greeting 「お粗末さまでした」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
恐ろしい
おそろしい
frightening. Scary. Example: 「恐ろしい事件」 (a frightening incident). Also used to mean an extreme degree of something, as in 「恐ろしく速い」 (frighteningly fast).
AI-generated translation
N1
汚濁
おだく
The pollution and clouding of water, air, and the like. A formal word expressing the deterioration of the environment, as in「水質の汚濁が進む」「大気汚濁」.
AI-generated translation
N1
おだてる
おだてる
To praise someone more than they actually deserve, put them in a good mood, and try to make them act as one wishes. It is written with the kanji 「煽てる」, but is normally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N2
穏やか
おだやか
A state of being quiet, settled, and undisturbed. Used broadly as in 「穏やかな天気」 or 「穏やかな人柄」 for weather, the sea, or a person's character. Also used for emotions, attitudes, or the atmosphere of a place.
AI-generated translation
N2
陥る
おちいる
A verb meaning to fall into an undesirable state. Used in situations of entering dangerous or difficult circumstances, as in「窮地に陥る」「混乱に陥る」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
落ち込む
おちこむ
For one's spirits to sink and lose energy. Also used when a figure or condition drops, as in 「成績が落ち込む」 (grades decline).
AI-generated translation
N1
億劫
おっくう
A word describing the feeling that doing something is bothersome and one is not inclined to do it. Used in situations where even small actions feel troublesome, as in「外出が億劫だ」「返事を書くのが億劫になる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
おっとり
おっとり
A state in which one's personality or manner is calm, composed, and unhurried. Used as in 「おっとりした人」 or 「おっとりと構える」, as an adverb or na-adjective expressing a person's character in a positive way.
AI-generated translation
N1
お手上げ
おてあげ
A state of having no idea what to do at all and no means of resolving the situation. Used as in 「お手上げの状態」 or 「もうお手上げだ」. A colloquial expression that includes the feeling of surrender or giving up.
AI-generated translation
N1
汚点
おてん
An incident that harms one's honor and remains on one's life or career record. Used as in 「人生の汚点」 or 「経歴に汚点を残す」. Originally meaning "stain" or "blemish," it is often used metaphorically in the sense of dishonor. A formal written word found in news and literature.
AI-generated translation
N1
おどおど
おどおど
A state of being unsettled by anxiety or fear, with one's attitude and gaze unsteady. Used adverbially in expressions like 「おどおどした態度」 or 「おどおどと答える」. A negative word expressing lack of confidence or agitation.
AI-generated translation
N1
お伽話
おとぎばなし
An old tale or fantastical story told to children. Used as in 「桃太郎のようなお伽話」 or 「お伽話の世界」. Also used as a metaphor referring to stories far removed from reality.
AI-generated translation
N2
おどける
おどける
To deliberately clown around or make comical gestures in order to make people laugh. Used in expressions like 「おどけた表情」 and 「おどけて見せる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
劣る
おとる
A state in which quality or ability is lower compared to others. Used as in 「性能が劣る」 or 「人後に劣らない」. A basic word expressing comparative superiority or inferiority, often appearing in formal contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
衰える
おとろえる
Vigor or strength gradually weakening. Used in situations where the vitality of a person, organization, or nation declines over time, as in「体力が衰える」「国力が衰える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
オノマトペ
おのまとぺ
A word that represents sounds or states using sound. Refers to onomatopoeic and mimetic words such as 「どきどき」 or 「さらさら」. A scholarly term originating from French, used in linguistics and textual theory.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
帯
おび
A long piece of cloth wrapped around the waist over a kimono. Example: 「帯を締める」 (to tie an obi). The paper wrapped around a book's cover is also called 「帯」 (obi/band).
AI-generated translation
N1
怯える
おびえる
To be timid and fearful, thinking of something frightening or a bad thing that seems likely to happen. It refers to a state in which the heart is unsettled from anxiety, even when nothing has actually happened yet.
AI-generated translation
N1
おびただしい
おびただしい
A state of an extremely large quantity, overwhelming to behold. Used as in 「おびただしい数の人々」 or 「おびただしい血が流れる」. Not merely "many," but often accompanied by a nuance of surprise or discomfort at that quantity.
AI-generated translation
N1, N3
脅かす
おびやかす
To endanger another's position or safety, causing anxiety. Used as in「地位を脅かす」「平和を脅かす」. The same kanji read as「おどかす」becomes a separate word meaning "to startle," whereas「おびやかす」is used with the meaning of jeopardizing an ongoing state such as position or safety.
AI-generated translation
N1
帯びる
おびる
Including and carrying a certain quality or element. Used as in 「緊張を帯びる」 or 「赤みを帯びる」, expressing a state in which a tendency, hue, or atmosphere is added to something. A formal expression more indirect than 「持つ」, indicating a faint inclusion.
AI-generated translation
N1
オブザーバー
おぶざーばー
A person who attends a meeting but has no formal right of speech or decision. Used as in 「オブザーバーとして参加する」. Derived from the English word observer, used in business or international conferences.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
覚える
おぼえる
To take something into one's mind and not forget it. Example: 「ことばを覚える」 (to memorize words). The antonym is 「わすれる」 (to forget).
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.