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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,256words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
鎮圧
ちんあつ
Suppressing a riot or rebellion by force and calming it down. A formal word used in expressions such as 「暴動を鎮圧する」「反乱を鎮圧する」 in contexts of police or military stopping turmoil. Used as a sa-hen verb.
AI-generated translation
N2
沈下
ちんか
The ground or an object sinking and dropping down.
AI-generated translation
N1
鎮静
ちんせい
A disturbance, agitation, or pain calming down and becoming quiet. A formal word used in expressions such as 「事態が鎮静化する」「鎮静剤」 in contexts of an aroused state becoming calm.
AI-generated translation
N2
賃貸
ちんたい
To lend something for a fee. Used as in 「賃貸契約」(a lease contract) and 「賃貸物件」(a rental property). The renter's side is called 「賃借」, and the term covering both the lender's and the renter's sides is 「賃貸借」. In modern real estate advertising, it is commonly used to refer to properties offered to renters, as in 「賃貸マンション」(a rental apartment).
AI-generated translation
N1
沈殿
ちんでん
Dirt or components in a liquid sinking and settling at the bottom. Used in expressions such as 「不純物が沈殿する」「沈殿物」. A formal word often seen in chemistry and natural science contexts.
AI-generated translation
N2
沈黙
ちんもく
Remaining silent without saying anything. A formal word used in expressions such as 「沈黙を守る」「沈黙が続く」 describing a state of not speaking or that state continuing.
AI-generated translation
N3
追加
ついか
To add something later. Example: 「注文を追加する」 (to add to an order).
AI-generated translation
N2
追及
ついきゅう
Strictly questioning responsibility, fault, or additional crimes. Used in contexts of pursuing the wrongdoing of people or organizations, as in 「責任を追及する」「余罪を追及する」. The objects are mainly people, responsibility, or facts.
AI-generated translation
N2
追究
ついきゅう
Deeply investigating and clarifying the essence or truth of something. Often used in academic and artistic contexts, as in 「真理を追究する」「本質を追究する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
追従
ついしょう
Read as 「ついしょう」, it means to flatter and curry favor by ingratiating oneself with others. Used as in 「追従笑い」「追従を言う」「追従的な態度」, it is a formal word that critically describes the act of bending one's true feelings to be liked by others. The character 「追」 means to chase, and 「従」 means to follow; together they form the meaning of "complying entirely with the other party's wishes." Note that 「追従」 is also read as 「ついじゅう」, in which case it is a different word meaning "to follow after" or "to follow precedent."
AI-generated translation
N1
追伸
ついしん
A sentence written in addition after finishing the main body of a letter or email. Used in writing that begins with 「追伸」 or in the form 「追伸として」 to add supplementary content to the main text.
AI-generated translation
N1
追随
ついずい
Following behind another person or organization and acting in the same way. Used in contexts of following what comes before, as in 「他社の追随を許さない」「大国に追随する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
追悼
ついとう
Mourning and grieving for the deceased. A formal word used in expressions such as 「追悼する」「追悼式」「追悼の意を表す」 in contexts of expressing sorrow with respect for the dead.
AI-generated translation
N3
遂に
ついに
finally. At last, after a long time or various developments. 「遂に完成した」. When used with a negative form, it means that although one waited or searched, it never came about in the end. 「待っていたが遂に来なかった」「遂に見つからなかった」. Often written in hiragana as 「ついに」.
AI-generated translation
N1
追放
ついほう
Forcibly removing undesirable persons or things from a place or group. A formal word used in expressions such as 「国外追放」「業界から追放される」 in contexts of public or organizational exclusion.
AI-generated translation
N1
費やす
ついやす
Spending time, money, or effort. Used in expressions such as 「時間を費やす」「大金を費やす」 when consuming a significant amount.
AI-generated translation
N1
痛快
つうかい
A state of being so refreshing as to clear one's chest. Used in expressions such as 「痛快な勝利」「痛快な話」 in contexts of joy that releases pent-up frustration.
AI-generated translation
N3
通学
つうがく
To commute to school. Example: 「電車で通学する」 (to commute to school by train).
AI-generated translation
N3
通勤
つうきん
To commute to one's workplace. Example: 「通勤時間」 (commuting time).
AI-generated translation
N3
通行
つうこう
People or vehicles passing along a road. Example: 「通行止め」 (road closed), 「右側通行」 (keep to the right).
AI-generated translation
N2
通称
つうしょう
A name commonly used in society rather than the official name. Used in the form 「通称〜と呼ばれる」, close to a nickname or short name but with a somewhat public tone.
AI-generated translation
N3
通じる
つうじる
For a road, etc., to be connected so one can travel through. Example: 「この道は駅に通じている」 (this road leads to the station). Also used to mean that meaning or feeling is conveyed to the other person, as in 「日本語が通じる」 (Japanese is understood), 「話が通じない」 (the message doesn't get across).
AI-generated translation
N3
通信
つうしん
To exchange information by letter, phone, the internet, etc. Example: 「通信速度」 (communication speed).
AI-generated translation
N1
痛切
つうせつ
A state of feeling something strongly enough to sink into oneself. Used in expressions such as 「痛切に感じる」「痛切に思う」 in contexts of deeply feeling emotions such as regret, necessity, or sadness.
AI-generated translation
N1
通達
つうたつ
An official notice or instruction issued from a government office or upper organization to a lower one. A formal word used in expressions such as 「省からの通達」「通達を出す」 in contexts of formal or organizational hierarchical relationships.
AI-generated translation
N1
通念
つうねん
A way of thinking commonly shared in society. Mostly used in the form 「社会通念」, as in 「社会通念上」「通念に反する」, indicating a standard of judgment accepted as common sense.
AI-generated translation
N3
通訳
つうやく
To stand between people speaking different languages and translate on the spot. Also, the person who does this. Translating written text is called 「翻訳」 instead.
AI-generated translation
N2
通例
つうれい
A general practice or custom that is commonly followed. Used in expressions such as 「通例〜である」「通例に従う」 to indicate a habitual way of doing things. Also often used adverbially in formal style.
AI-generated translation
N1
痛烈
つうれつ
A state of being fierce and severe. Used in expressions such as 「痛烈な批判」「痛烈に非難する」 in contexts where attacks or criticism toward the other party are sharp and harsh.
AI-generated translation
N2, N4, N5
使う
つかう
use. To handle something for a certain purpose. Example: 「はさみを使う」 (to use scissors).
AI-generated translation
N1
束の間
つかのま
A very brief, fleeting span of time. Used as in 「束の間の休息」「束の間の幸せ」「束の間の静けさ」 in situations where one cherishes a short time that will quickly pass. The character 「束」 was originally an old unit of length representing the width of a clenched fist, about four fingers wide, from which it came to mean "very brief." Words such as 「束ねる」「結束」「花束」 also use the same character, but in 「束の間」 it has settled into a distinctive usage expressing the shortness of time.
AI-generated translation
N3
捕まる
つかまる
To be caught so one cannot escape. Example: 「犯人が捕まる」 (the criminal is caught). When it means gripping something firmly, as in 「手すりにつかまる」 (to hold onto a handrail), it is usually written in hiragana. 「捕まえる」 is used when a person chases and seizes someone, while 「捕まる」 is used when the one pursued gets seized: compare 「犯人を捕まえる」 with 「犯人が捕まる」.
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
つかむ
つかむ
To firmly grip and hold something with one's hand. Example: 「ロープをつかむ」 (to grab a rope). Also used to mean seizing an opportunity or someone's heart, as in 「チャンスをつかむ」 (to seize a chance). Written with the kanji 「掴む」, but since this kanji is not used in daily life, it is usually written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
遣わす
つかわす
For a superior to send an inferior to a certain place, or for a superior to bestow items upon an inferior. Used as in 「使者を遣わす」「家来を遣わす」「褒美を遣わす」, it is an archaic word in a highly formal style. Hardly used in modern everyday conversation, it appears mainly in period dramas, classical literature, historical documents, and ceremonial writing. Kanji compounds containing the same character 「遣」, such as 「派遣」「遣唐使」, share the meaning of "dispatching someone to a place."
AI-generated translation
N3
付き合う
つきあう
To be closely involved with someone. Also used to mean being in a romantic relationship, as in 「彼と付き合っている」 (dating him). Also used to mean acting together to match someone else, as in 「買い物に付き合う」 (to go along with someone shopping).
AI-generated translation
N2
付き添う
つきそう
Staying beside someone to care for the sick or for children. Used in contexts of accompanying while supporting the other party, as in 「患者に付き添う」「子供に付き添う」.
AI-generated translation
N3
次々
つぎつぎ
One after another, continuously. Example: 「新しい店が次々にできる」 (new shops open one after another). Also used in the form 「次々と」.
AI-generated translation
N1
付きっ切り
つきっきり
Staying beside someone without leaving. Used in expressions such as 「付きっ切りで看病する」「付きっ切りで指導する」 in contexts of attending to a person or thing for a long time without taking one's eyes off.
AI-generated translation
N2
突き止める
つきとめる
To investigate or pursue something until a hidden fact or cause becomes clear.
AI-generated translation
N2
尽きる
つきる
Something one had or a state that was continuing being completely depleted. It describes a state of something disappearing without remainder, used in expressions such as 「体力が尽きる」「話題が尽きない」.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
着く
つく
arrive. To reach one's intended destination. Example: 「駅に着く」 (to arrive at the station).
AI-generated translation
N2
尽くす
つくす
Pouring out all of one's strength and sincerity. Used in expressions such as 「力を尽くす」「手を尽くす」「家族のために尽くす」 in contexts of devoting all one's efforts toward the object of effort or dedication.
AI-generated translation
N1
つくづく
つくづく
A state of feeling something deeply, as if it sinks into the heart. Used in contexts of strongly feeling some emotion, as in 「つくづく感じる」「つくづく思う」. Can be used in both somewhat formal written and spoken language.
AI-generated translation
N2
償う
つぐなう
To make up for damage one has caused or a crime one has committed, through money, goods, or actions.
AI-generated translation
N2
造り
つくり
The structure or construction of a building or object. Used as a noun describing how something is made, as in 「頑丈な造り」「しっかりした造り」.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
作る
つくる
make. To newly create something that did not exist. Example: 「りょうりを作る」 (to make food/cook).
AI-generated translation
N2
付け加える
つけくわえる
Adding something to what already exists to supplement it. Often used in contexts of adding to a remark or content, as in 「説明を付け加える」「一言付け加える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
付け焼き刃
つけやきば
An idiomatic expression for shallow knowledge or skill acquired hastily as a stopgap. Used in expressions such as 「付け焼き刃の勉強」「付け焼き刃では通用しない」 in contexts critically describing temporary coping that lacks real ability.
AI-generated translation
N3
伝わる
つたわる
For information or feelings to reach the other person. Example: 「気持ちが伝わる」 (feelings get across). Also used for heat or sound spreading, or for something being passed down since long ago, as in 「昔から伝わる話」 (a story handed down from long ago). 「伝える」 is used when a person conveys something to another, while 「伝わる」 is used when it reaches the receiver: compare 「気持ちを伝える」 with 「気持ちが伝わる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
培う
つちかう
Cultivating ability or character over a long period of time. Used in expressions such as 「体力を培う」「信頼を培う」 with the meaning of slowly fostering ability, relationships, or foundations. Often used for abstract objects.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.